Nawa Ne Kudin Nuni Tawada E{{0}?

Nau'in nunin dandali ya kai kusan$5–$300, kayan haɓakawa tare da allunan direba sun kai kusan$10–$450, kuma an gama e{0}}arancin nunin takarda ya kai kusan$800–$2,500.

Modulin tawada 2.9{1}}inci e{4}} farashin $15. Mai saka idanu e-ink mai inci 25 yana kashe $2,000. Wannan ba rubutun rubutu ba ne. Wannan ita ce gaskiyar kasuwar da kamfani ɗaya ke sarrafawa, takurawa da haƙƙin mallaka, da yunwar gasa.

Yanayin Yanayin Farashin

Haƙiƙanin lambobi suna da ban mamaki a cikin kewayon su.

A ƙaramin ƙarshen -1.5" zuwa 2.9" panelsdon alamomin shelf na lantarki da na'urori masu auna firikwensin IoT{0}} kuna kallon $5 zuwa $20 don sinadirai, $10 zuwa $30 tare da allunan direba. Farashin kayayyaki. Kasuwancin ESL ya ƙaddamar da ƙima mai yawa don sanya waɗannan masu araha da gaske.

The4.2" zuwa 5.8" kewayonyana rufe wearables da ƙananan nuni. Farashi sun haura zuwa $18-$45 don kayan kwalliya, $25–$60 tare da allunan direba{5}} har yanzu masu dacewa ga yawancin ayyukan.

Inci shidashine inda yawancin masu amfani suka fara haduwa da e{0}} tawada. Kindle Paperwhite. Tsarin da aka tace sama da shekaru goma sha biyar. Wannan shi ne ma'aunin e{4}, kuma farashin yana nuna balaga: $30 zuwa $65 na ƙirar, $45 zuwa $80 tare da allon direba. Ba arha ba, amma ba m. Kuna biyan kusan $5-$10 akan kowane inch diagonal a wannan girman.

Sa'an nan kuma lankwasa ya yi girma sosai.

Sannan akwai25.3-inch aji-tebur e{1}}masu duba tawada, farin whale na duniyar e{2}}takarda. Farashin panel ɗin ya kai $800-$1,200. Kammala tallace-tallacen saka idanu akan $1,500-$2,500. Ilimin tattalin arziki a nan yana da ma'ana, amma za mu kai ga hakan.

Launi yana canza komai.Nunin launi yana tsada 1.5 × zuwa 3 × fiye da daidaitattun su monochrome a kowane girman girman. A 13.3{6}}inci Kalaido 3 launi samfurin yana siyarwa akan $449 daga shagon E Ink{9}} kuma wannan shine kawai kwamitin. Gallery 3 masu cikakken launi tare da umarni masu launuka 50,000 har ma da ƙima mafi girma, kodayake ba a bayyana ainihin farashi a bainar jama'a ba.

Waɗannan farashin sun ɗan motsa cikin shekaru goma. Wannan gaskiyar ita kaɗai ta gaya muku wani abu ya karye.

Me yasa E - Tawada Ke Kashe Abinda Ya Karu

E Ink Holdings, wani kamfani na Taiwan, yana sarrafawa95% na kasuwar nunin takarda e{1} na duniya. Bari wannan lambar ta nutse a ciki. Kowane Kindle. Kowacce Kobo. Kowane reMarkable. Kowane Boox. Kowane Supernote. Kowane lakabin shelf na lantarki a cikin kowane babban kanti, kowane kantin magani, kowane sito. Dukansu suna amfani da bangarorin E Ink.

Wannan ba rinjayen kasuwa bane. Wannan shi ne kadaici.

Asalin labarin kamfanin ya samo asali ne daga MIT's Media Lab a cikin 1990s, inda masu bincike suka haɓaka ainihin fasahar electrophoretic microencapsulated. Kamfanin E Ink Corporation, ya samo shi ne daga Kamfanin Prime View International na Taiwan a cikin 2009. Bayan shekaru uku, a cikin 2012, E Ink ya sha SiPix, babban abokin hamayyarsa a lokacin. Sakamakon shine sarkar samar da kayan aiki tare da maƙalli guda ɗaya.

Lokacin da kuka sayi kowace na'urar e{0}takarda daga kowane masana'anta, kuɗin ku a ƙarshe yana tafiya zuwa kamfani ɗaya a Hsinchu, Taiwan.

Halayen haƙƙin mallaka suna sa keɓantacce mai dorewa.Alamar nunin faifan lantarki na ainihin microencapsulated electrophoretic, wanda aka shigar a cikin 1996, ya ƙare. A ra'ayi, wannan ya kamata ya buɗe ƙofofin ambaliyar ruwa. Ya kamata kowa ya iya kera e{3} nunin takarda ta amfani da ainihin fasaha.

Amma E Ink bai huta ba a waɗannan shekarun da aka kayyade-.

Kamfanin yana kashe kusan$150 miliyan kowace shekara akan R&D-tsakiyar - kashi na kudaden shiga. Ga masana'anta nuni, wannan yana da girma na musamman. Samsung Nuni, yana aiki a sikeli mafi girma, yana kashe ƙaramin kaso na kudaden shiga akan bincike. E Ink's R&D ƙarfi yana hamayya da kamfanonin harhada magunguna.

Wannan saka hannun jari yana haifar da ci gaba da fayyace takaddun haƙƙin mallaka. Tace launi. Saurin wartsakar da sifofin igiyoyin ruwa. Filayen filastik masu sassauƙa. Ingantattun ma'auni. Ƙarƙashin aikin zafi{{5}. Kowane ƙarni na fasaha yana kawo sabbin kayan fasaha. Kowane sabon fasalin yana ƙara wani Layer zuwa sansanin soja.

Karewar haƙƙin mallaka na asali bai canza komai ba. Kagara kawai ya haɓaka sabbin ganuwar.

Duk wani mai yunƙurin shiga kasuwa yana fuskantar zaɓi: lasisin fasahar E Ink (kuma ya karɓi ƙarfin farashin su), haɓaka wasu hanyoyin da ke kewaya dubunnan haƙƙin mallaka (mai tsada da lokaci{0}ci), ko yarda cewa samfuransu za su kasance ƙasa da fasaha (saboda haka ba za su iya kasuwanci ba).

Har ila yau, akwai muguwar zagayowar a wasan da ke amfanar mai mulkin mallaka. Jimlar kudaden shiga na shekara-shekara na E Ink ya kai kusan dala biliyan 1. Wannan yana kama da yawa har sai kun kwatanta shi da kasuwar nunin nunin duniya, wanda ya zarce dala biliyan 150 a shekara. E-Takarda ta ƙunshi ɓangarorin ɓangarorin masana'antar nuni.

Ƙananan kasuwa yana nufin ƙananan adadin samarwa. E Ink yana aiki da fas ɗin da ke ƙanƙanta idan aka kwatanta da manyan wuraren Gen 10.5 waɗanda BOE da Samsung ke amfani da su don samar da LCD da OLED. Ƙananan kundin yana nufin babu tattalin arzikin sikelin. Tsayayyun farashin masana'antu{4}}akunan wanka, kayan aiki, ma'aikatan injiniya{5}} suna yaɗuwa cikin ƙananan raka'a.

Babu tattalin arzikin sikelin yana nufin farashin ya tsaya tsayin daka. Tawada 6{2}}inci e{8}} farashin $30-$60. Tashar LCD mai inci 6{9} tana kashe $3–$8. Hanyoyin masana'antu suna raba kamanceceniya, amma bambancin ƙarar yana haifar da gibin farashin tsari-na-girma.

Babban farashin iyakance tallafi. Masu cin kasuwa suna duban e{1}} na'urorin tawada, suna ganin fifiko akan madadin LCD, kuma galibi suna zaɓar zaɓi mai rahusa. Masu kera na'ura suna iyakance layin samfuran tawada na e{3} saboda kasuwa tayi karami.

Ƙimar tallafi mai iyaka yana riƙe kasuwa kaɗan. Kuma zagayowar ta ci gaba.

Wannan tarko ne mai ƙarfafa kai{0} wanda ke karye kawai idan wani ya saka biliyoyin daloli don isa ga ma'auni{1}} ko kuma idan babban canjin fasaha ya sa masana'anta na yanzu ba su da mahimmanci. Duk abin bai faru ba. Babu daya bayyana nan kusa.

Kwatancen LCD

Tazarar farashin tsakanin e{0}} tawada da LCD ya cancanci kulawa ta musamman, saboda yana kwatanta yadda farashin e{1}} ya zama karkatacciyar hanya.

A girman inch 6{1}{2}{2}} e{3}madaidaicin mai karatu{6}} panel LCD yana biyan $3 zuwa $8. Kwamitin e-ink yana biyan $30 zuwa $60. Wannan wani8× zuwa 10× premiumna e{0}}takarda. Dukansu fasahar sun balaga. Dukansu an ƙera su a sikelin (ko da yake suna da ma'auni daban-daban). Ba za a iya bayyana ƙimar tawada e- ta hanyar rikiɗar ƙira kaɗai ba.

A cikin inci 10, bangarorin LCD suna gudana $ 8 zuwa $ 15. E{3}}Panel ɗin tawada ya kai $100 zuwa $180. Rabo ya tsananta zuwa10× zuwa 12×. Kuna iya siyan bangarorin LCD guda goma akan farashin e{1}} tawada guda ɗaya.

Girman ajin inch 25{3} yana nuna wauta gabaɗaya. Nau'in panel na LCD mai inci 25{4}{8} nau'in da ke cikin na'urar lura da ofis - farashin $40 zuwa $80. Ƙungiyar e-ink mai inci 25 ta biya $ 800 zuwa $ 1,200. Wancan a15× zuwa 20× premium.

Ƙare 25{4} inch LCD duba yana siyarwa akan ƙasa da $100 a dillali, gami da panel, na'urorin lantarki na direba, shinge, samar da wutar lantarki, da ribar riba. Ƙarshen e-tawada mai inci 25 yana siyarwa akan $2,000 ko fiye.

Fasaha ta bambanta, a. E{1}}tawada yana buƙatar madaidaicin tsarar motsi. Tsarin masana'anta yana amfani da microencapsulation maimakon daidaitawar kristal na ruwa. Abubuwan da ake samu na iya zama ƙasa, juriya sun fi ƙarfin.

Amma fasahar 15 × zuwa 20 × ta fi rikitarwa? Shin 15 × zuwa 20 × ya fi tsada don kera a daidai sikelin?

A'a. Bambancin farashin ba ya barata ta hanyar fasaha kadai. Yana da barata ta tsarin kasuwa. Lokacin da kamfani ɗaya ke sarrafa samarwa kuma bai fuskanci gasa ba, farashin yana nuna ƙarfin kasuwa, ba farashin masana'anta ba.

Fasaha Launi: Kaleido, Gallery, da Spectra

Launi e{0}} tawada ya iso, amma a cikin dandano iri-iri tare da halaye daban-daban da maki farashin.

Kaleido

Kaleidoyana wakiltar E Ink's taro -maganin launi na kasuwa. Fasahar tana sanya tsarin tace launi (CFA) akan daidaitaccen baƙar fata -da{3}}fararen e{4}}ink Layer{5}} kamanceceniya da yadda nunin LCD ke samar da launi, kodayake fasahar pixel ta bambanta gaba ɗaya. Sakamakon:4,096 launuka a 150 PPIƘaunar launi, tare da ƙaramin monochrome Layer har yanzu yana isar da 300 PPI don baki{1}}da{2}}fararen abun ciki. Rubutun ya kasance mai kaifi saboda yana yin cikakken ƙuduri. Hotunan launi suna fitowa da ɗan shuɗe kuma sun yi ƙasa kaɗan saboda an tace su ta hanyar CFA.

Farashin wartsakewa ya kasance karbuwa don karantawa{0}mai kwatankwacin fanai na monochrome. Ba za ku lura da jinkiri ba lokacin kunna shafuka ko gungurawa cikin abun cikin launi.

Kasuwancin - na gaske ne. Launuka suna kama da wankewa idan aka kwatanta da LCD ko OLED. Jikewa yana da iyaka. Ƙirar launi na 150 PPI yana nufin cikakkun bayanan launi suna bayyana ɗan laushi. Ana iya karanta hasken rana kai tsaye{6}}e- fasalin kisa na tawada{8}} an dan rage shi saboda kalar tacewa tana jan haske.

Kaleido 3 kayayyaki sun yi tsada sosai50-80% fiyefiye da daidai gwargwado monochrome. 7-inch Kaleido 3 panel na iya kashe $50-$70 inda panel monochrome ya kashe $30-$40. Ƙimar tana da mahimmanci amma ba hani ba, wanda shine dalilin da ya sa Kaleido ya bayyana a cikin na'urorin masu amfani kamar Kobo Libra Color da nau'ikan launi na Boox daban-daban.

Gallery 3

Gallery 3hanya ce ta asali daban, kuma tana ba da umarnin farashi daban-daban. Maimakon tace farin haske ta hanyar tsarar launi, Gallery 3 tana amfani da tsarin launi guda huɗu-{3}}cyan, magenta, yellow, da fari-wanda aka cushe cikin kowane microcapsule. Kowane pixel yana ƙunshe da dukkan launuka huɗu, waɗanda za a iya zaɓan zaɓaɓɓu zuwa saman kallo ta jerin filayen lantarki daban-daban.

Babu tace launi da ake buƙata. Sakamakon: kusan50,000 launuka a cikakken 300 PPIƙuduri a duk faɗin nuni. Hotunan launi sun fi Kaleido haske sosai. Fasahar tana fuskantar abin da za ku iya kira "mai kyau isa" haifuwar launi don yawancin lokuta masu amfani.

Kasuwancin - yana da sauri. Matsar da nau'ikan launi daban-daban guda huɗu zuwa daidaitattun wurare yana ɗaukar lokaci. Cikakken sabunta launi mai inganci{3} na iya ɗaukar har zuwa daƙiƙa 1.5. Hanyoyin wartsake da sauri suna wanzu amma sadaukar da daidaiton launi. Ba ka kallon bidiyo akan nunin Gallery 3. Ba ka ma gungurawa a hankali ta cikin takaddar launi.

An tanadar da faifan gallery 3 don aikace-aikacen ƙima. E Ink baya buga farashi, kuma samfuran da aka gama ta amfani da Gallery 3 ba kasafai suke fitar da farashin kwamiti ba. Amma shaidar ta fito karara a farashin dillalai: launi e{4}}allon rubutu ta amfani da umarnin Gallery 3 $500-$800 akan abubuwan da suka dace da monochrome tare da fasali iri ɗaya. A ReMarkable 2 farashin $450. Na'urar launi mai kama da Gallery 3 tana biyan $900 ko fiye.

Spectra 6

Sannan akwaiSpectra 6, wanda ke kaiwa kasuwa daban-daban: sigina da nunin tallace-tallace. Fasaha tana amfani da fitowar launi guda shida{1} daga tsarin gine-ginen microcup na pigment guda huɗu, wanda aka inganta don manyan nunin tsarin{3} waɗanda ke canzawa akai-akai. Yi tunanin alamun tallan kantin kayan miya, nunin bayanan filin jirgin sama, alamun nunin kayan tarihi{5}} aikace-aikace inda kuke buƙatar launi, girman, da amfani da wuta tsakanin sabuntawa. Girman panel ya kai inci 75 a cikin 2025. Farashin yana gudana zuwa dubban daloli. Tallace-tallacen suna faruwa ta hanyar tashoshin B2B na musamman tare da kwangiloli da aka yi shawarwari, alƙawuran ƙara, da sabis na haɗin kai na al'ada.

Idan kuna karanta wannan labarin kuna ƙoƙarin gano yadda ake siyan kwamitin Spectra 6 don aikin sirri, amsar ita ce: tabbas ba za ku iya ba, kuma tabbas ba za ku iya ba.

Abin da Masu Siyayya Daban-daban suke Biyan Ainihin

Kasuwar tawada e- tana yin hidima ga masu siye daban-daban akan farashin farashi daban-daban. Inda kuka zauna a cikin matsayi yana ƙayyade abin da kuke biya.

Masu Hobbyist/Maker Tier

Idan kuna gina aikin sirri{0}}wararren nunin gida, e{1}}tashar yanayi na takarda, kayan aikin fasaha{2}} kuna siyayya a Waveshare, Adafruit, Kyakkyawan Nuni, ko AliExpress. Siyan ku na yau da kullun: kayan haɓaka 2.9” zuwa 7.5” tare da allon direba, igiyoyin kintinkiri, da lambar samfurin. Kewayon farashi:$15 zuwa $120dangane da girma da fasali.

Tabbatar da gaskiya: kuna biyan farashin dillalai tare da cikakken alamar. Kowane dan tsakiya yana yankewa. Waveshare yana siyan bangarori daga E Ink (ko masu rarraba izini), yana ƙara kayan lantarki na direba, rubuta takardu, sarrafa jigilar kaya, da bayar da tallafin abokin ciniki. Duk wannan yana kashe kuɗi.

A 7.5{1} inch Waveshare kaya kala uku farashin $50–$90 dangane da inda kuka saya. Wannan rukunin, lokacin da Amazon ya saya da yawa na miliyoyin, mai yiwuwa farashin ƙasa da $20 ciki har da na'urorin lantarki. Kuna biyan kuɗi na 3× zuwa 4× don damar siyan raka'a ɗaya a lokaci ɗaya.

Wannan ba rashin adalci ba ne{0}}kananan{1}}ararraba yana da tsadar gaske. Amma yana nufin ana amfani da kasafin kuɗi na masu sha'awar sha'awa da sauri. Gina dashboard ɗin tawada -hudu e{5}} na iya kashe $300 a cikin faifai kaɗai.

Karamin Matsayin Samfura

Da zarar kuna yin odar raka'a 100-1,000 don yin samfuri ko ƙarami -ma'auni, wasan yana canzawa. Kuna aiki ta hanyar masu rarrabawa, masu samar da Alibaba, ko ƙoƙarin tuntuɓar masana'anta kai tsaye. Farashi yawanci yana gudana20-40% kasa da kiria wadannan kundin. Kwamitin da ke biyan $60 akan Waveshare na iya samuwa a $40-$45 ta hanyar alakar rabawa.

Amma gaskiyar tana samun rikitarwa. Quotes suna buƙatar NDAs{1} masu ba da kaya ba sa son masu fafatawa su san farashin su. Mafi ƙarancin oda yana haifar da shinge: kuna iya buƙatar ƙaddamar da raka'a 500 don samun farashi mai kyau, amma kuna buƙatar 200 kawai don fara samar da ku. Lokutan jagora na kara zuwa makonni ko watanni. Daidaitaccen inganci ya zama matsalar ku.

Ƙananan masu saye ba su da abin amfani. E Ink bai damu da odar ku na raka'a 500 ba. Suna sayar da miliyoyin bangarori ga Amazon. Kasuwancin ku yana rayuwa ko ya mutu bisa ga yanke shawarar rarrabawa abokan ciniki sau dubu girman ku.

Kasuwanci / OEM Tier

A raka'a 10,{1}} kowace shekara, kuna mu'amala kai tsaye da wakilan tallace-tallace na E Ink ko abokan masana'antu masu izini. Ƙididdiga na masana'antu sun ba da shawarar biyan manyan OEMs$10-$15 don panel 6-inch- idan aka kwatanta da $30–$60 a dillali. Farashin ƙarar gaske ne, kuma tazarar tana da yawa.

Amazon, Kobo, Rakuten, da manyan dillalai na ESL kamar Pricer da SES{0}imagotag suna aiki a wannan matakin. Suna yin shawarwarin kwangiloli na shekaru da yawa, garantin rabo, ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun al'ada, da farashin da masu siye ɗaya ba za su taɓa gani ba. Tazarar tsakanin dillali da farashin girma na iya wuce 70%.

Waɗannan alaƙa kuma suna zuwa tare da wajibai: ƙarar alƙawarin, haɗin gwiwar haɓakawa, wani lokacin keɓance windows akan sabbin fasaha. Lokacin da E Ink ya ƙaddamar da sabon girman panel ko fasahar launi, manyan OEMs galibi suna samun damar farko.

Idan kuna ƙoƙarin ƙaddamar da kamfanin e{0} mabukaci kuma kuna gasa da farashin Kindle, ku fahimci cewa ba kawai kuna gasa da alamar Amazon da yanayin muhalli ba. Kuna fafatawa da farashin kayan aikin su, wanda mai yuwuwa 50-70% ƙasa da naku.

Kasuwar Sakandare

Hakanan akwai kasuwar inuwa don e{0}} tawada da yawancin masu siye ba sa la'akari da su: sake yin fa'ida da abubuwan da aka ragi. Tushen sun haɗa da Kindles da Kobos da aka sake yin fa'ida (allon fuska sau da yawa ya fi na'urori), ruɓaɓɓen tsarin lakabin shiryayye na lantarki (haɓaka kantin sayar da kayayyaki da watsar da tsofaffin kayan aiki), rarar ƙima daga ayyukan da aka soke, da wuce gona da iri.

Farashin yana gudana30-50% na sabon farashin panel. Kwamitin 6-inch wanda ke biyan sabon $40 na iya kasancewa akan $15- $20 daga mai sake yin fa'ida.

Kasuwancin - yana da mahimmanci. Babu garanti -idan kwamitin yana da lahani, kuna cin asarar. Mai yuwuwar lalacewa{4}}e{5}} ginshiƙan tawada na iya haɓaka pixels masu makale ko rashin daidaituwa akan lokaci da amfani. Tarihin da ba a sani ba - ba ku san adadin sake zagayowar da kwamitin ya samu ba ko yadda aka adana shi ba.

Mafi mahimmanci, bangarorin da aka sake yin fa'ida suna buƙatar haɓaka direba na al'ada. Ba kwa samun ingantaccen kayan haɓakawa tare da takardu. Kuna samun ƙaramin panel, ƙila tare da haɗin ribbon, kuma kuna buƙatar gano madaidaicin, sigar tuƙi, da jerin farawa da kanku.

Wannan kasuwa ya dace da ƙwararrun masu haɓaka kayan masarufi tare da oscilloscopes, haƙuri, da haƙuri don gazawa. Ba don masu sha'awar sha'awa ba ne don gina aikin farko na e{1}.

Kammala Farashin Samfura

Bare panels abu daya ne. Ƙarshen na'urori sune ainihin abin da yawancin masu amfani ke saya, kuma farashin yana nuna nisa fiye da farashin panel.

Ƙarshen e{0}mai karatu ko e{1} na'urar bayanin kula ya haɗa da e{2}} tawada panel, amma kuma: mai sarrafawa (yawanci ARM- tushen), RAM da ma'ajiya, baturi, tabawa Layer (capacitive ko electromagnetic), tsarin hasken gaba, filastik ko shingen aluminum, maɓalli da tashar jiragen ruwa, haɓaka software, takaddun tsari, marufi da ribar riba.

Farashin panel zai iya wakilta20-40% na lissafin kayandon na'urar mabukaci. Duk abin da ya kara sama.

E{0}Masu karatu ($100-$280)

Kindle Paperwhite da Kobo Clara sun mamaye$100-$180don ainihin monochrome 6{1}} e{3}}masu karatu. Fasalolin ƙima{4}}dumi haske, babban ajiya, hana ruwa{6}} tura zuwa mafi girma. Masu karatun e-launi irin su Kobo Libra Color sun isa cikin$ 200- $ 280 kewayon, ta amfani da fasahar Kaleido. Ƙimar ~ $ 100 akan kwatankwacin monochrome yana nuna duka ƙimar ƙimar panel da kuma abin sabon abu.

A waɗannan farashin, e{0}masu karatu sun zama masu araha ga yawancin masu karatu. Kindle Paperwhite ya kai ƙasa da dozin littafai masu wuya. Ƙimar ƙimar a bayyane take, har ma da e{3}} ƙimar tawada akan LCD.

E{0}Allunan bayanin kula ($400-$900)

Anan ne farashin ya ƙaru sosai don e{0}} tablets ɗin bayanin kula. The reMarkable 2 yana kusa$450. Jerin Boox Note Air yana gudana$400–$500. Na'urorin Supernote sun mamaye yanki iri ɗaya. A inci 10.3, waɗannan ƙwararrun kayan aikin da aka tallata zuwa ga bayanin kula{3}}masu ɗaukar hoto, malamai, da masu amfani da kasuwanci waɗanda ke son takarda{4}kamar ƙwarewar rubutu.

Ƙimar ƙimar ba ta da yawa a nan. Tablet ɗin bayanin kula $450 e{2}} yana gasa da $329 tushe iPad wanda ke yin duk abin da e{4}} bayanin kula yake yi, da miliyoyin wasu abubuwa. E{6}masu siyan bayanin kula suna biyan kuɗi na musamman don takarda{7}}kamar gogewa, shagaltuwa{8}} muhallin kyauta, da raguwar ƙwaƙƙwaran ido.

Babban{0}}tsari 13.3{2}} e-notes na turawa zuwa cikin$ 550- $ 800 kewayon. Siffofin launi{1} ta amfani da Gallery 3-na iya wuce gona da iri$900. A waɗannan farashin, kuna siyan kayan aiki na musamman don gudanawar aiki na musamman. Kasuwa karama ce amma sadaukarwa.

E{0}Mai duba Tawada ($500-$2,500)

E{0}}Masu duba tawada suna wakiltar mafi girman matsananciyar farashi{1}zuwa{2}}ƙimar ƙima a duk kasuwa. Farashin Dasung Paperlike 10.3-inch 10.3$500–$800. Wannan babban saka idanu na biyu ne girman babban kwamfutar hannu, wanda ya dace don nuna takardu ko kayan tunani yayin aiki akan allo na farko. Masu saka idanu 13.3{3}} daga Boox (Series Mira) da Dasung (HD-FT) suna gudana$800–$1,200. A wannan girman, zaku iya karanta cikakkun takardu, gyara rubutu, ko bincika gidajen yanar gizo{1}idan kuna iya jurewa ƙimar wartsakewa.

Masu lura da tebur na 25.3-inch sune samfuran flagship: Dasung Paperlike 253 a$2,250, Boox Mira Pro a irin wannan farashin, nau'ikan launi suna turawa zuwa$2,500.

$2,250 yana siyan ku da yawa a kasuwar nuni. A 32-inch 4K OLED duba tare da 120Hz refresh, HDR goyon baya, da kuma miliyoyin launuka: game da $900. Mai lura da ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar hoto mai inci 27 tare da daidaita launi na masana'anta: kusan $700. A 49-inch ultrawide mai lankwasa caca duba: game da $800.

Don farashin inci 25.3 - e{2}} tawada mai duba, zaku iya siyan OLED masu ƙwararru guda biyu kuma ku sami ragowar kuɗi.

E{0}}Mai duba tawada ba sa gasa akan ƙima. Ba sa gasa akan fasali. Suna siyarwa ga masu siye tare da takamaiman buƙatu{3}}Rage ƙurar ido, takarda{4}kamar kayan kwalliya, kawar da kyalkyali{5} waɗanda a zahiri ba su da wata hanya. Masana'antun sun san wannan. Farashin yana nuna shi.

Kudin Boye Babu Wanda Ya Fada Maka Akan

Idan kuna gina samfuri da e{0}}tawada{1}}ba siyan na'urar da aka gama ba, amma haɓaka wani sabon{2}farashin rukunin shine farkon.

Direba Electronics

Raw e - Tawada ba sa karɓar sauƙaƙan bayanai na dijital. Suna buƙatar allunan masu sarrafawa waɗanda ke da ikon samar da hadaddun tsarin igiyoyin ruwa{2} daidai lokacin da aka daidaita matakan wutar lantarki waɗanda ke motsa ɓangarorin da aka caje a cikin microcapsules. A kashe -masu kula da shelf sun wanzu. IT8951 gama gari ne don manyan bangarori. Daban-daban masu sarrafawa daga Nuni Mai Kyau da Waveshare suna ɗaukar ƙananan girma. Waɗannan suna ƙara$10–$50zuwa lissafin kayan ku, dangane da ƙuduri da fasali. Haɓaka direba na al'ada{1} idan kuna buƙatar takamaiman fasali, ƙarancin farashi a ƙara, ko ƙaramin tsari{2}} yana ƙara makonni na lokacin aikin injiniya. Kuna buƙatar injiniyoyin kayan aiki waɗanda suka fahimci babban canjin wutar lantarki{4}, ƙayyadaddun lokaci, da sarrafa EMI. Wannan gwaninta ba kowa bane.

Ci gaban Waveform

Sannan akwai kunna waveform -wannan shine ɓangaren da ke samun mutane da gaske. E{2} nunin tawada ba sa kunna da kashe pixels kawai. Kowane wartsake yana ƙunshe da tsararriyar jeri na ƙwanƙwasa ƙarfin lantarki wanda dole ne ya yi lissafin yanayin pixel da ya gabata, sabon yanayin da ake so, zafin jiki, da ingancin hoton da ake so.

Waɗannan teburi na duba nau'in igiyar ruwa sune sirrin miya na ingancin nunin tawada e{{0}. Kyawawan tsarin raƙuman ruwa suna samar da tsayayyen rubutu tare da ƙaramin fatalwa. Siffofin raƙuman ruwa mara kyau suna haifar da hotuna masu laka, kayan tarihi na bayyane, da lalacewa na pixel wanda bai kai ba.

Ba a rubuta ci gaban Waveform ba.Babu takamaiman bayani na jama'a. Babu daidaitaccen tsari. Wannan fasaha ce mai duhu da aka samu ta hanyar gwaji da kuskure, kayan aiki{2}} ƙira mai zurfi, da kuma wani lokacin haɗin gwiwa mai tsada tare da E Ink ko abokan haɗin gwiwa.

Kamfanoni kamar Nuni mai Kyau da Waveshare suna ba da pre{0}}wayoyin da aka gyara tare da kayan haɓaka su. Wannan yana aiki lafiya don ƙirƙira da ƙarami - samarwa. Abubuwan aiwatarwa na al'ada-Sharuɗɗan aiki daban-daban, bambance-bambancen panel daban-daban, ingantattun hanyoyin wartsakewa{5}}yana buƙatar jujjuyawar injiniyoyin da ke akwai ko haɓaka sababbi daga karce.

Kasafi yadda ya kamata.

Taɓa Haɗin kai

Yawancin na'urorin e{0}masu amfani da tawada sun haɗa da shigarwar taɓawa, ko dai capacitive ( taɓa yatsa) ko electromagnetic (stylus, ta amfani da Wacom ko makamancin fasahar digitizer). Ba a haɗa sassan taɓawa a cikin farashin rukunin tushe. Abubuwan daban-daban ne waɗanda dole ne a haɗa su da nuni, daidaita su, da kuma haɗa su tare da software ɗin ku. Haɗin taɓawa yana ƙarawa20–30%zuwa panel kudin. Ƙungiyar $50 ta zama $60-$65 tare da taɓawa. Haɗin lantarki na dijital - ana buƙata don ingantacciyar shigarwar stylus a cikin e{6}} aikace-aikacen bayanin kula{7}} yana ƙara ƙima iri ɗaya, wani lokacin ƙari.

Tsarin Hasken Gaba

E{0}} nunin tawada suna nuni ne. Suna da kyau a cikin hasken yanayi amma sun zama marasa amfani a cikin duhu. Yawancin na'urorin mabukaci sun haɗa da hasken gaba don magance wannan iyakancewa. Tsarin haske na gaba yana amfani da gefuna{4}} fitattun LEDs da jagororin haske don rarraba haske a saman fuskar nuni. To{6}} fitilolin gaba da aka ƙera ba a iya gani idan an kashe su kuma suna ba da haske koda yana aiki. Fitilar gaba mara kyau da aka ƙera yana haifar da wuraren da ba a iya gani ba, haske mara daidaituwa, da haske mai ɗaukar hankali. Modulolin haske na gaba suna ƙara$5–$20kowace naúrar dangane da inganci da fasali kamar daidaita yanayin zafin launi. Haɗin ƙira -Tabbatar da jagorar haske yana haɗawa da kyau ga nuni ba tare da shafar ingancin gani ba{2}}yana buƙatar ƙarin injiniyanci.

Hadarin Sarkar Kawowa

Wataƙila mafi mahimmancin ƙimar ɓoye:Dogaran tushen tushe guda{{0}. E Ink Holdings shine kawai mai ba da kayan ku don nunin electrophoretic. Idan suna da matsalar samarwa, kuna da matsalar samarwa. Idan farashinsu ya ƙaru, ƙimar ku ta ragu. Idan buƙatar manyan abokan ciniki (Amazon, manyan dillalai na ESL) suna cinye wadatattun rabon, odar ku za su koma baya.

Babu koma baya. Babu tushe na biyu. Babu wani madadin mai ba da kaya da za ku iya cancanta yayin ƙarancin kuɗi.

Kamfanonin kayan masarufi masu hankali suna gina alaƙa tare da masu samar da kayayyaki da yawa don mahimman abubuwan haɗin gwiwa. Tare da e{1}} tawada, wannan ba zai yiwu ba. Sarkar samar da kayayyaki tana da maki guda na gazawa, wanda kamfani ke sarrafa shi wanda muradinsa bazai yi daidai da naku ba.

Me Zai Faruwa Gaba

Hasashen gaba yana da haɗari. Hasashen makomar kasuwa mai cin gashin kanta - yana da ninki biyu. Amma da alama akwai yuwuwar wasu al'amura.

Kusa - (Shekaru 1-2)

A cikin shekara ta gaba ko biyu, farashin panel launi zai ragu sannu a hankali kamar yadda Kaleido 3 ma'auni na samarwa. Fasahar ta balaga don samar da yawan jama'a, kuma gasa tsakanin masana'antun na'ura yakamata ya haifar da matsin lamba. Babban nunin tsari{{3} sama da inci 25 zai shigar da mafi girma{5}} samar da girma. Masu saka idanu 25.3{8}} a halin yanzu akan kasuwa sune ainihin samfuran hannu{13}} ginannun samfuran ƙima. Kamar yadda samfurin ya daidaita, farashin zai iya raguwa 10-20%. Kasuwar alamar shelf ta lantarki tana ci gaba da faɗaɗa cikin sauri, tana haifar da buƙatun gabaɗayan e{15}} tawada. Wannan labari ne mai kyau ga fasahar nan gaba, kodayake haɓakar ESL da farko yana amfana da ƙananan samarwa maimakon girman masu amfani.

Bai kamata a yi tsammanin rushewar farashi mai mahimmanci a wannan lokacin ba. Keɓaɓɓen ikon E Ink ya kasance amintacce. Zuba jarin masana'anta yana ɗaukar shekaru kafin ya fara aiki. Babu wani abu da ke kusa da{3}} da ke barazana ga halin da ake ciki.

Matsakaici{0}Lokaci (Shekaru 3-5)

A cikin shekara ta uku na gaba, ƙarin ainihin haƙƙin mallaka za su ƙare, a ƙa'idar buɗe damar gasa. Ko wani zai yi amfani da waɗannan buɗaɗɗen ya kasance babu tabbas.

Masu fafatawa na kasar Singabatar da mafi haƙiƙanin barazana ga rinjayen E Ink. Guangzhou OED ya haɓaka fasahar electrophoretic tsawon shekaru tare da iyakanceccen nasarar kasuwanci. BOE -babban masana'antun nuni a duniya{3}}ya saka hannun jari a fasahar DES (Digital Electrophoretic System) wadda za ta iya yuwuwar gasa da hadayun E Ink.

Idan waɗannan masu fafatawa sun kai ga samun damar kasuwanci{0}}mai girma idan{1}farashi na iya raguwa 20-30% yayin da masana'antun na'urar ke samun damar yin shawarwari. Gasar baya buƙatar ɗaukar yawancin kaso na kasuwa don shafar farashi; kasancewar wani tabbataccen madadin kawai yana canza kuzarin yin shawarwari.

Madaidaicin e{0}} farashi na takarda yakamata ya ragu yayin da tsarin kera ke girma. Ƙungiyoyi masu sassauƙa a halin yanzu suna ba da umarni ga ƙima mai mahimmanci akan gilashin tsayayyen{2}} nuni masu goyan baya. Waɗannan ƙimar kuɗi na iya raguwa azaman ma'aunin samarwa.

Sauye-sauyen da ba a sani ba

Amma babu wanda zai iya hasashen:Shin BOE ko wasu kattai masu nunin za su saka hannun jari sosai a cikin fasahar electrophoretic?BOE yana da ƙarfin masana'antu, ƙwarewar injiniya, da albarkatun kuɗi don ƙalubalantar E Ink kai tsaye. Amma e{1}}takarda karamar kasuwa ce ta ka'idojin BOE. Kasuwar dala biliyan 1 kuskure ce mai kamawa ga kamfani mai dala biliyan ${4} a cikin kudaden shiga na shekara. Ba a fayyace batun dabarun zuba jari ba.

Shin madadin fasahohin za su sami nasarar kasuwanci?LCD na Cholesteric yana ba da wasu e{0}}takarda{1}}kamar halaye (bitable, mai haske) tare da yuwuwar ƙarancin farashin masana'anta. Nunin Electrowetting yayi alƙawarin da yawa amma an kawo ɗan kasuwa kaɗan. Sabbin fasaha na iya fitowa. Ko wani zai iya dacewa da e{5}}haɗin tawada-saɓani, rashin daidaituwa, kusurwar kallo, sassauci{7}} ya rage a gani.

Shin E Ink zai yanke farashin da gangan don kare hannun jari?Monopoliss da ke fuskantar yuwuwar gasa wani lokaci suna rage farashi bisa dabara, suna karɓar ƙananan rata don hana saka hannun jari ta yuwuwar masu fafatawa. E Ink zai iya rage farashin 20-30% kuma ya kasance mai riba. Shin za su sadaukar da rata don kiyaye keɓaɓɓu? Shawarar ba kawai ta tattalin arziƙi ba ce kawai{4} tana haɗa da ka'idar wasa, dabarun kamfanoni, da kimanta barazanar gasa waɗanda mutanen waje ba za su iya tantancewa ba.

Shin Apple, Samsung, ko wasu manyan 'yan wasa za su shiga kasuwa?Babban kamfani na masu amfani da lantarki da ke haɓaka samfuran tawada e{0} na iya sake fasalin sarkar samar da duka. Sha'awar Apple ga e{2}} takarda an yi ta yayatawa tsawon shekaru ba tare da wani abin nunawa ba. Samsung yana da ƙwarewar masana'antar nuni don yin gasa tare da E Ink kai tsaye idan an motsa shi. Babu wani motsi mai ma'ana da ya yi ta wannan hanyar.

Kima na gaskiya: babu wanda ya sani. Mafi mahimmancin sakamako shine ci gaba da juyin halitta a hankali -farashi yana raguwa a hankali, haɓaka fasaha a hankali, faɗaɗa aikace-aikace a hankali{2}maimakon cikas. Amma rushewa, idan ya zo, zai iya zuwa da sauri.

E{0}Farashin nunin tawada ba a ƙayyade ta hanyar rikiɗar masana'anta, farashin kayan aiki, ko ƙwarewar fasaha ba. An ƙaddara ta tsarin kasuwa.

Ɗayan kamfani yana sarrafa wadata. Halayen haƙƙin mallaka sun toshe gasar. Kasuwar ta yi ƙanƙanta sosai don jawo hankalin masu ƙalubalen da ke da kuɗi da kyau{2}. Farashin ya kasance mai girma saboda babu abin da ke tilasta su ragewa.

Ga masu siye, wannan yana ƙirƙirar lissafi mai sauƙi:

Kasa da $50yana samun ƙananan samfuran ci gaba -2.9" zuwa 5.8"-don yin samfuri, ayyukan IoT, da koyo. A wannan lokacin farashin, e{6}} tawada yana da ma'ana ga ayyukan sha'awa har ma da ƙima akan LCD. Siffofin musamman{7}}takarda-kamar bayyanar, rashin ƙarfi, iya karanta hasken rana-daidaita farashin aikace-aikacen da suka dace.

$100–$300yana rufe e{0}masu karatu da na'urorin rubutu na e{1}. Kasuwar e-reader 6{4} inch ta kai ga balaga na gaske da farashi mai ma'ana. Idan kuna son na'urar karantawa sadaukarwa, ƙimar ƙimar tana da ƙarfi.

$400–$800yana siyan ƙwararrun e{0}}allon rubutu da ƙananan e{1}}ink Monitor. Kuna biyan kuɗi masu yawa don takarda{3}}kamar gogewar rubuce-rubuce da raguwar ido{4}}. Waɗannan kayan aikin ne don ƙayyadaddun hanyoyin aiki, ba na gaba ɗaya{6}} na'urorin manufa ba.

$1,500–$2,500yanki ne e{0}}ink duban tebur. Masu saye a wannan matakin suna da takamaiman bukatu{2}}masu matsalar matsalar ido, musamman abubuwan da ake so na ado, ƙwararrun aikace-aikacen da ke buƙatar takarda{3}}kamar nuni{4}} kuma babu wasu hanyoyi. Farashin yana nuna buƙatar kama.

$3,000 da samayana wakiltar manyan nunin tsari-, aikace-aikacen masana'antu na al'ada, da mafita na alamar dijital. Waɗannan sayayya ne na kamfanoni tare da kasafin kuɗin kamfani, waɗanda aka yi shawarwari ta hanyoyin B2B.

Waɗannan farashin ba daidai ba ne. Ba su da inganci. Ba sa nuna farashin masana'anta na fasaha a ma'auni mai ma'ana. Su ne kawai farashin saye daga hannun jari a kasuwa inda babu wanda ya gina wata hanya mai dacewa.

Tambayar ba ita ce ko nunin tawada na e{0} yana da tsada ba. Su ne, babu shakka.

Tambayar ita ce ko wani zai karya ikon E Ink Holdings a kasuwa kafin fasahar ta zama tsohuwa{0}}wasu fasahar nuni a gaba wanda ke ba da fa'idodin e{1} takarda ba tare da iyakancewa ba kuma ba tare da farashin sa ba.